The study, supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) 91ֱ�� Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) is published in the journal today

The findings, based on the analysis of four linked national datasets comprising over 24,000 patients in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, hold true even when accounting for the different complexities and durations of the surgery.

The data showed late-morning surgery was linked to an 18% higher risk of death - almost one fifth - from heart related causes compared with early-morning surgery.

And the most common surgical start time was 07:00–09:59- early morning - accounting for 47% of all surgeries.

Though complication rates and readmissions were unaffected by the time of day, the findings still pose questions about the best time to schedule heart surgery.

They also give an important insight into the potential influence of the body clock - a set of 24-hour biological cycles present in our cells and organs – on surgery as a whole.

Lead author is Dr Gareth Kitchen, Clinical Senior Lecturer at The University of Manchester. He is also part of the Respiratory Theme and Co-Lead for Industry and Commercialisation at the NIHR 91ֱ�� BRC.

He said: “Given that over 25,000 heart operations are performed across the UK every year with around a 2.7% mortality, even small improvements in timing-related outcomes could have significant benefits to patients.

“This research shows a slightly higher risk of heart related mortality is likely to occur when heart surgery starts in in late morning.

“However, though the risk is statistically significant, it is relatively modest and patients can be reassured that most people will almost certainly be unaffected.

“It is though, our duty as clinicians to ensure the best possible outcomes, and moderating timings is a potentially inexpensive method to achieve that.”

The researchers compared four starting times for the 3 to 5 hour operations: early morning (07:00 to 09:59); late morning (10:00 to 11:59); early afternoon (12:00 to 13:59); and late afternoon (14:00 to 19:59).

The main outcomes they examined were hazard of death from cardiovascular disease and time to hospital readmission for heart attack or acute heart failure.

Secondary outcomes included duration of postoperative hospital stay, occurrence of major cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.

The researchers accounted for potential bias by taking into account key mortality predictors such as age, sex, diabetes and urgency of surgery.

Dr Kitchen added: “Integrating body clock biology into the planning of heart surgery could support a more personalised, precision medicine approach.

“As some people’s body clock makes them early birds and others makes them night owls, it is worth exploring tailored operative times through further research.

“With more understanding of how body clock biology varies between individuals, precision and personalised scheduling of cardiac surgery may one day allow us to achieve better patient outcomes.”

• The paper Time of Day and Outcomes Following Cardiac Surgery in the UK: A Secondary Analysis of Linked National Datasets is available . doi.org/10.1111/anae.70125

The review including 21 studies involving more than 6,000 patients who underwent blood tests for procalcitonin, a biomarker that becomes elevated during bacterial infections, is published in the journal today (9/01/26). 

The analysis was undertaken by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) funded Applied Research Collaboration Greater 91ֱ�� (ARC-GM), the NIHR 91ֱ�� HealthTech Research Centre in Emergency and Acute Care and the NIHR 91ֱ�� Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), in collaboration with The Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust and 91ֱ�� University NHS Foundation Trust. 

It revealed that health professionals who used procalcitonin tests as part of their decision making were able to safely stop antibiotics about two days earlier than when they were not used, without increasing risk of death. 

The review findings suggest that more, higher-quality studies are still needed to determine whether another test, known as C-reactive protein is safe to use when deciding about antibiotic use in these patients. 

The results are an important milestone in the care of sepsis, a life-threatening condition where the body’s response to infection damages its own tissues, leading to organ failure and death. 

Treatment for the condition, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, usually involves 7-10 days of antibiotics. 

But using antibiotics for too long can cause serious problems, including antibiotic resistance, bacterial infections that no longer respond to medicine, a global health crisis which kills millions globally.

Reduction in antibiotic use could also provide significant cost savings to health systems and limit unwanted drug side-effects.

UK health authorities, such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), have not recommended routine use of these blood tests in hospitals because earlier evidence was limited and lacked UK trial data.

However, the review addresses the gap in knowledge and includes recent clinical trial data from the UK ADAPT-Sepsis trial, also led by University of Manchester researchers.

In their review, the researchers assessed randomised controlled trials which compared procalcitonin tests with standard care and C-reactive protein tests with standard care, where antibiotics are given according to international, national, or local clinical guidelines, without biomarker testing.

In patients with sepsis, the findings show that procalcitonin tests may help healthcare professionals stop antibiotics about two days earlier than standard care and may reduce the risk of death by 5%.

However, it is still unclear whether using procalcitonin tests prevents people from getting sick again or leads to longer hospital stays.

91ֱ�� co-author, Professor Paul Dark, is Vice Dean for health and care partnerships at the University of Manchester and Professor of critical care medicine at the Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust.

He said: "Our findings show that using a procalcitonin test can help healthcare professionals safely stop antibiotics for people with sepsis more quickly. This is exciting because it supports safe care whilst reducing the risk of antibiotic-resistant infections in the future.

“This will be better for patients, who will experience more limited side effects, and better for health care systems by providing significant cost savings.”

He added: “Our  recent cost effectiveness that was part of the ADAPT-Sepsis trial also suggests that implementing daily procalcitonin measurement into routine NHS sepsis care would likely be cost effective.

“This approach supports the UK’s 10-Year Health Plan to tackle antibiotic resistance and could inform future NICE sepsis guidelines, paving the way for routine use of these blood tests in sepsis care.

• The paper Clinical effectiveness of procalcitonin- or C-reactive protein-guided antibiotic discontinuation protocols for adult patients who are critically ill with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis  is available

Her three-year Fellowship will focus on understanding how the most aggressive type of womb cancer called p53-abnormal (p53abn) womb cancer, develops, who is most at risk, and whether early changes can be targeted to prevent it.

Womb cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer, and the fourth most common cancer in women. It affects 9,700 women and people with gynae organs each year in the UK. There are four main subtypes, and p53abn womb cancers are the most aggressive. They are more likely to spread, more likely to return after treatment, and have worse outcomes than other types of womb cancer. They are also more common in Black women.

Despite the impact these cancers have, we still don’t know what causes them to develop, whether early warning signs can be detected, or how we might prevent them. Dr Sarah Kitson hopes to change this. She aims to improve our understanding of how these cancers develop, find out whether the process is the same for all p53abn womb cancers, and learn about the risk factors that make someone more likely to develop it. Her hope is that this research will reveal ways to prevent these cancers from developing and help save lives.

To do this, Sarah will invite 50 women undergoing surgery for p53abn womb cancer to donate blood, womb tissue and a cervical screening sample. She will use these samples to look for the earliest gene changes that signal a cancer is forming, examine how the cancer grows and changes over time, and explore how the body’s own defence system responds during the early stages. She hopes this information could allow researchers to identify individuals at a high risk of p53abn womb cancer long before symptoms appear. This would hopefully open the door to future screening tests or ways to prevent it developing.

If successful, this project could point towards potential new drug treatments to try stop p53abn womb cancers from developing. The research team would then need to develop and test these treatments in the laboratory before moving on to clinical trials with people at a high risk of developing this type of womb cancer.

Dr Sarah Kitson, Eve Fellow and Principal Investigator said: “I am extremely honoured to have been awarded The Eve Appeal/North West Cancer Research Fund Fellowship to learn more about how p53abn womb cancers develop and to explore ways in which we could try and stop these aggressive cancers from forming. The two charities have contributed greatly to cancer research and gynaecological cancer prevention, and it will be a huge privilege to join their world-leading groups of researchers.”

Athena Lamnisos, CEO of The Eve Appeal said:  “p53-abnormal womb cancers are the most aggressive of the womb cancer subtypes, and we urgently need answers about how they develop and how we can prevent them. Sarah’s work will take us a step closer to reducing one of the biggest inequalities in gynaecological cancers, that Black women are twice as likely to die from womb cancer as their White peers. We are incredibly proud to support her, and we believe this project could help change the future of this aggressive form of womb cancer.”

Alastair Richards, CEO of North West Cancer Research said: “We are incredibly proud to once again partner with The Eve Appeal to co-fund another outstanding research Fellow. Together, our charities have now invested more than £1.2 million in pioneering gynaecological cancer research. In the North West, womb cancer rates continue to rise, and aggressive cases like p53abn cancers pose a real challenge for women in our region. Dr Kitson’s project is especially important because it seeks to understand how these cancers begin—and how we might stop them. This is exactly the kind of ambitious, high-impact research we are committed to supporting.”

Principal Investigator Dr Imelda McDermott said: “Our evaluation shows how different independent prescribing models were expected to work (or not) and achieve their intended outcomes.”

Under the NHS 10 year health plan, community pharmacies will become better integrated with primary care and general practice; pharmacists are becoming increasingly clinically qualified, many with the ability to prescribe.

In anticipation of the change , NHS England is running the Independent Prescribing in Community Pharmacy Pathfinder , which was evaluated by the researchers.

The programme allows community pharmacist prescribers in around 200 ‘pathfinder’ sites to deliver prescribing models as part of integrated primary care clinical services.

Participating pharmacists reported significant increases in job satisfaction and many felt the programme "saved" them from leaving the sector by allowing them to use their full clinical skills.

The pathfinder sites tested three different clinical models to examine how pharmacist prescribing can be incorporated into community pharmacy clinical services:

• Existing services, including acute minor illnesses and contraception
• Long-term conditions, including prescribing for cardiovascular diseases (e.g. hypertension, lipid optimisation), respiratory diseases, and women's health.
• Novel services, including reducing over prescribing, reviewing antidepressants and menopause

For the Long-term condition models, a ‘joint partner’ approach between the pharmacist prescriber and the local GP practice was fundamental, to ensure joined up collaboration for improved patient access and care.

However the implementation and long-term viability of an IP service were found to be dependent on five key areas as laid out by Stephen  , Minister of State for Care: clinical governance, clinical supervision, optimal skill mix, digital infrastructure and a financially viable funding model.

Integrated Care Boards (ICBs) -  the regional NHS organisation in England responsible for planning and funding local health services - were instrumental in guiding sites through assurance processes, developing clinical governance, and fostering stronger relationships between GPs, community pharmacy and other stakeholders.

However, securing clear indemnity to deliver pharmacist prescribing in community pharmacy was challenging due to insurance companies’ lack of familiarity with the new model.

Clinical supervision, something which is traditionally scarce in community pharmacy, was usually provided by a GP through regular one-to-one sessions and was highly valued by pharmacist prescribers as it helped to build their confidence and GP’s trust.

The researchers also found:

• Commissioning strategies were needed to generate predictable patient volumes to ensure a financially viable service
• Having read-only access to patients’ medications and limited details of their medical histories made holistic patient care more challenging. Those IP pharmacists who had read/write access to patient records found it easier to collaborate in a timely fashion with GPs and other GP practice based healthcare professionals.
• A good skill mix is needed across the wider pharmacy team to ensure pharmacist prescribers have the capacity to deliver the service.

The unrest poses the most serious challenge to  since 2022. That year, nationwide protests erupted over the death of 22-year-old  in police custody after she was arrested for violating hijab rules. Those  were ultimately suppressed through force.

Iran’s political establishment has for decades defined itself through permanent confrontation on multiple fronts: with , the  and what it sees as global imperialism. This posture has reshaped domestic life by subordinating the economy, governance and social stability to ideological resistance.

What the latest protests reveal is not simply frustration with the hardship that has accompanied this political stance. They seem to reflect a growing consensus among Iranians that this order  into something functional and must therefore be replaced.

This has been apparent in the language used by the protesters. Many demonstrators have linked their daily hardships to the regime’s foreign policy priorities, expressed perhaps most clearly  that has echoed through the streets of various Iranian cities in recent days: “Not Gaza, not Lebanon, I sacrifice my life for Iran.”

The slogan is a rejection of the regime’s official stance that sacrifice at home is necessary to fulfil ideological goals of “resistance” abroad. Iran has long pursued a policy of supporting militant groups like Hamas and Hezbollah to counter the influence of the US and Israel in the Middle East.

Chants of  – a reference to Iran’s ageing supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei – are yet more evidence of the broad rejection of the political order among the Iranian population. They signal that many Iranians now view their economic survival as inseparable from fundamental political change.

The protests have spread across wide sections of Iranian society. What began as strikes by bazaar merchants and shopkeepers in Iran’s capital, Tehran, quickly drew in students, professionals and business owners elsewhere in the country. Protests have  in Qom and Mashhad, cities whose populations have traditionally been loyal to the state.

The state’s initial response to the protests was muted. The government recognised the protests and  to the “legitimate demands” of the demonstrators. However, despite a warning from US president Donald Trump of US intervention should security forces “kill peaceful protesters”, at least 36 people have . Over 2,000 more people have been detained.

Donald Trump posts on his Truth Social media platform in response to the protests in Iran. 

Post-war paralysis

The protests come six months after Iran’s brief but destabilising war with Israel. This conflict severely strained the state’s capacity to govern, with Khamenei largely withdrawing from public view since then due to heightened fears over his safety. Major decisions in Iran require Khamenei’s approval, so his absence has slowed decision-making across the system.

The effects of this have been felt nationwide. Universities and schools have been hampered by repeated closures, shortened schedules and the sudden suspension of in-person classes. Transport networks have faced repeated disruption and economic planning has become nearly impossible.

Prices are . The official annual inflation rate stands at around 42%, with food inflation exceeding 70%. The prices of some basic goods have reportedly risen by more than 110% compared with a year ago, and are  further in the coming weeks.

Iran’s authorities have also intermittently suspended routine daily and weekly activities since the end of the war, such as school days, public office hours, transport services and commercial operations. They , pollution or security concerns as the reasons for doing so.

Underlying these disruptions is a governing system braced for the possibility of renewed war, either with Israel or possibly the US. The regime is operating in a prolonged state of emergency, which has pushed Iranian society itself deeper into crisis.

Iran’s governing paralysis has been strained further by intensifying competition within the ruling elite. The war with Israel led to the deaths of several senior Iranian military and security figures, which has created gaps in networks of power.

With authority fragmented, rival political, military and security factions have sought to position themselves for influence in a post-Khamenei order. Networks associated with figures such as former president Hassan Rouhani, former foreign minister Javad Zarif and current president Masoud Pezeshkian are pursuing negotiations with western powers to address Iran’s foreign policy challenges.

But others appear to be engaging in talks aimed at securing backing from ideological allies such as Russia and China. These include people in security and intelligence circles, along with figures ideologically aligned with Khamenei like his second-eldest son Mojtaba, current speaker of parliament Mohammad-Bagher Ghalibaf and conservative clerics such as .

These rival strategies have not produced coherent governance. Instead, they have reinforced perceptions among the Iranian public that the system is preoccupied with survival rather than addressing everyday breakdowns in basic administration, public services and economic coordination.

Iran stands at a crossroads. One path leads toward deeper militarisation, elite infighting and prolonged paralysis. The other points towards a reckoning with a political order that large segments of Iranian society no longer believe can deliver stability or welfare.

The protests suggest that the central question for many Iranians is no longer whether the system can be repaired, but whether continuing to live under it is viable at all. What is clear is that Iran is at a critical political moment, with significant changes likely to unfold in the weeks and months ahead.

, Research Fellow at the Global Development Institute
This article is republished from under a Creative Commons license. Read the .

Knee osteoarthritis - the most common reason for replacement surgery- affects around one in five people over 50 in the UK, with over 120,000 people having a knee replacement each year. 

“Osteoarthritis causes pain and limits normal daily activities, like walking or climbing stairs. Knee replacement surgery is one of the only definitive treatments. But how much better does physical activity, like walking, get after a knee replacement?”, said Professor Will Dixon who is leading the research. 

“To make informed decisions about whether to have surgery or not, we need to know this - yet the current evidence is patchy.” 

The 91ֱ�� research team are asking for the help of people who have already had a knee replacement to develop and test this way of conducting health research. 

They want to make use of data that has already been collected, inside and outside of the health service, and piece it together.

Prof Dixon added: “All of the data needed to understand how activity improves after knee replacement surgery already exists.

“Millions of people in the UK routinely track their step count using their smartphone or fitness tracker. In fact, over 95% of adults now own a smartphone.

“By joining together step counts from people’s smartphones and wearables with information about their surgery, we can understand how much physical activity improves after knee replacement.”

The PAPrKA study (which stands for Physical Activity Patterns after Knee Arthroplasty) wants to recruit UK adults who had a knee replacement surgery between January 2017 and December 2023, and who used an iPhone, Apple Watch, Fitbit or Oura ring before and after their surgery.

Interested people can visit the study website at to donate their activity data, which will be securely transferred from the University to the National Joint Registry where it will be linked with data about their operation.

This will allow the researchers to examine how activity patterns change following surgery, including how this differs by levels of activity before surgery, types of operation, patient age and more.

Matt’s story

In November 2022, former Iron Man Triathlete Matt Barker had a partial knee replacement following years of increasing pain and reduced mobility. Before surgery, even standing became painful and his job as a teacher was getting progressively harder.

“Colleagues would worry about me and ask if I was alright” Matt recalls. “This was especially difficult as I still saw myself as fit and active, but the reality became impossible to ignore.”

Since having surgery, his physical activity improved dramatically - no longer experiencing the previous swelling and pain. He was able to resume much of the daily activity he was doing before his knee issues developed.

Matt concludes: “Most of us base our activity on what we have to do and what we feel able to do. The availability of data from our devices can really bring home the extent to which your mobility is changing. Post operation, they have been a great motivator to view improvement, as well as alerting me to my limits. My hope is that PAPrKA can give people like me a clearer understanding before surgery of how much better their activity is likely to get.”

The PAPrKA study is part of the Health Research from Home programme funded by the Medical Research Council [grant number MR/Y003624/1]

• If you are eligible to take part and would like to contribute to this study or want more information, visit

The book tells a deeply human story of hope and heartbreak. It shows how moral ideas about family, work and responsibility are being tested as young people face shrinking opportunities and elders grapple with impossible choices between survival and legacy.

Lockwood, a Hallsworth Research Fellow in Political Economy at 91ֱ��, brings a journalist’s eye for storytelling to his anthropological research. His work has previously been published in leading journals, and he co-curated Nairobi Becoming (2024), an ethnographic portrait of the Kenyan capital.

Peasants to Paupers is published by Cambridge University Press as part of the prestigious International African Library series and is freely available online under open access, ensuring that readers in Kenya and around the world can engage with its findings.

 The analysis – featured in the journal Clinical and translational medicine  – revealed molecular signals that in one case prompted re-examination of archived fallopian tube tissue and led to the retrospective identification of a pre-invasive or very early cancerous lesion. 

“This is important as it is now known most ovarian cancers don’t start in the ovary itself. Instead, they start from pre-cancer lesions which develop in the fallopian tube before spreading to the ovary and beyond,” said Dr Christine Schmidt, Senior Lecturer at The University of Manchester’s Division of Cancer Sciences. 

The findings from the  study could in the longer term  form the basis for future approaches aimed at informing ovarian cancer risk assessment and  contributinge to less invasive interventions for some high-risk women. 

Surgery to remove the tubes and ovaries is often currently used to reduce risk for high-risk women. 

However, the study raises the prospect of delaying  risk-reducing surgery for some women, preserving their fertility. 

This could be particularly beneficial for the women in the UK who are at high genetic risk of ovarian cancer because they carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation.

Though uncommon in women with an average risk, existing shows that roughly half to three-quarters of women with a high genetic risk of ovarian cancer currently choose surgical removal of the ovaries.

Despite evidence suggesting a prolonged window between pre-cancer lesions inside the fallopian tube and more serious cancer in the ovaries and other tissues, there are currently no clinical tests available to help detect these early pre-cancer changes without invasive surgery.

However, the team in 91ֱ�� have shown that fluid washed through the inside of the fallopian tube could be used to test for broad patterns of molecular changes associated with early tumour development using a technique known as proteomic analysis.

The researchers used the approach in an exploratory study of the fallopian tubes of 27 women who had had them surgically removed.

The women were divided into different groups. The first group were either high-risk BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation carriers or they had an abnormal ovarian growth. A second group had other gynaecological conditions unrelated to ovarian cancer.

The researchers took the samples from the soft, frilly, finger-like edge at the open end of the tube next to the ovary known as the fimbriae.

They were able to detect different patterns of proteins in the washes from high-risk fallopian tubes and tubes associated with ovarian cancer compared to normal.

Some of these proteins overlap with previously proposed biomarkers for advanced disease stages and some may form the basis for future exploratory studies to identify potential targets for ovarian cancer prevention.

Dr Schmidt added: “While further exploration and validation in larger cohorts is needed, our findings point to a promising direction for less invasive ovarian cancer risk management strategies that could – in the longer term –  help reduce reliance on invasive prophylactic surgeries while preserving fertility in some high-risk women.”

“We look forward to taking this novel approach forwards and hope that one day the findings can contribute to the development of an approach that cmight eventuallyan be used in the clinic.”

• The study was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the International Alliance for Cancer Early Detection (ACED) programme.
• The  paper, Fallopian tube lavage sampling towards early detection of pre-invasive ovarian cancer, is available

May



May saw the launch of a major new partnership with the Bank of England which will see existing teachers offered free training to deliver A Level economics alongside their core subject. The three-year programme, which will be piloted in the North West before eventually being rolled out across the UK, aims to make the subject more accessible to students from a wider range of backgrounds.

Also in May, the Government announced changes to the Winter Fuel Payment after being presented with research from The University of Manchester which found that their plans were going to leave many more older people in poverty, putting their health and wellbeing at risk. The month also saw 91ֱ�� being officially recognised as one of the UK’s new Policing Academic Centres of Excellence (PACE), as part of a national initiative to embed world-class research into frontline policing and community safety.

June



June brought two major archaeology stories - firstly, experts from 91ֱ�� played a leading role in the rediscovery of the ancient city of Imet in Egypt’s eastern Nile Delta, uncovering multi-storey dwellings, granaries and a ceremonial road tied to the worship of the cobra goddess Wadjet. This story received widespread coverage. The month brought news of a new project to explore the discovery of Wales’ first complete ancient chariot.

The same month also saw the launch of two reports into children's mental health - one found that while teens from disadvantaged neighbourhoods do face lower life satisfaction, they don't actually face more emotional problems. The other found that physical activity is critical for children's happiness.

July



July brought the extremely sad news that Lord David Alliance CBE had passed away. Lord Alliance’s belief in the power of philanthropy, education and research to drive positive change inspired generations of students, staff, alumni and partners. The renaming of Manchester Business School to Alliance 91ֱ�� Business School in 2015 stands as a testament to Lord Alliance’s transformative impact and support for The University of Manchester and its students over many years.

The month also saw Alliance 91ֱ�� Business School's Professor Timothy Michael Devinney being elected as a Fellow of the British Academy, the UK’s leading national body for the humanities and social sciences.

Also during this month, several Humanities academics were leading policy conversations about major issues - including Professor Jamie Woodward who spoke at Westminster about the impact of microplastic pollution on our environment, and Professor Pamela Qualter who co-authored a World Health Organization (WHO) report calling for urgent action to tackle loneliness and social disconnection around the world.

August



During August, an historian from The University of Manchester was named as one of six authors shortlisted for the 2025 Royal Society Trivedi Science Book Prize, which celebrates the best popular science writing from across the globe. Vanished: An Unnatural History of Extinction by Professor Sadiah Qureshi was named as one of the finalists at the Edinburgh International Book Festival.

Two leading criminologists from The University of Manchester also joined a groundbreaking national research project designed to tackle fraud in the NHS, which costs the UK taxpayer an estimated £1.3 billion each year. 

There was also media interest in a study which found that a single sheet of 1,100-year-old parchment may have been used to heal a dangerous royal rift in Ancient England.

September



The start of the new academic year was marked by the appointment of three academics from The University of Manchester as Fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences. Professor Liz Richardson, Professor David Richards and Professor Anupam Nanda were named in recognition of their excellence and impact, and their advancement of social sciences for the public good. 

The month also saw The University of Manchester being appointed as the UN's Academic Impact Vice-Chair for SDG10 research, meaning the University will play an essential role in advancing the implementation of the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Some major research was also launched in August which found that ‘Levelling Up’ left many southern areas behind, a mentoring programme was giving a big mental health boost to LGBTQIA+ teens, and cities needing to do more to support older people who want to stay in their own homes as they age.

October



October saw three major pieces of research into schools - studies were published into school isolation rooms damaging pupil wellbeing, a third of new teachers quitting within five years of qualifying and the discovery of a significant and lasting link between the subjects young people study in school and their political preferences. 

Also during October, a study was launched by Dr Louise Thompson which found that outdated rules in the House of Commons shut smaller parties out of key decisions, leaving millions of voters effectively unheard. This led to several of those parties - including the SNP, Plaid Cymru and Reform - raising the issue, as well as media coverage across the UK. 

November



The University’s Professor Hilary Pilkington was one of the authors of the final report of the Independent Commission on Counter-Terrorism Law, Policy and Practice,  which in November called for a comprehensive overhaul of the UK's counter-terrorism policies. This received widespread media coverage across the country.

The University also launched new research as part of the N8 Child of the North campaign in November, which found that the post-Covid school attendance crisis is hitting disadvantaged children hardest - the story led to regional and national media coverage.

The month also saw studies into Buddhism in mental health care, stronger communities being linked to better health, and the rise of ‘authoritarian peacemaking’ and its implications for Ukraine. 

December



The final month of the year saw the launch of a major new collaboration with the University of Oxford which will bring together an expert team of textual scholars, book historians, computer scientists, library data experts and research software engineers to explore whether computers ‘see’ books and prints the same way as people do, and asks whether the AI algorithm can be made to see in the same way as humans. 

A major global study led by Dr Francesco Rampazzo also found that younger generations around the world are embracing a more diverse and fluid understanding of sexual identity than ever before. The research - which analysed data from over 900,000 users of the queer women’s and nonbinary dating app Zoe - offered one of the first truly global pictures of how people identify their sexuality in 122 countries, from the UK and the US to Brazil, South Africa and Taiwan.

These stories reflect the Faculty's commitment to addressing global challenges through its research, education and social responsibility.

The project, led by Professor Yasser Mahmoudi Larimi from The University of Manchester, has been awarded a £3 million EPSRC Critical Mass Programme Grant. It brings together expertise from industry and academia across the UK, including The University of Manchester, the University of Birmingham, the University of Liverpool, Cranfield University and Imperial College London.

As the UK increases its use of renewable energy, one of the biggest challenges is how to store excess electricity generated on windy or sunny days and make it available when demand rises, or when the weather changes and turns dark, for example. GPStore aims to deliver a first-of-its-kind approach to storing clean energy for hours, weeks or months - something existing storage options cannot achieve at scale.

By 2050, the UK is expected to need up to 100 terawatt-hours of long-duration energy storage to ensure a stable, affordable and low-carbon energy system. While today’s technologies, such as pumped hydro, compressed air and flow batteries, offer useful short- to medium-duration storage, they often face geographical and environmental constraints, high costs, or complex engineering, making them difficult to scale.

The novel GPStore technology takes a completely different approach. It converts surplus renewable electricity into high-temperature heat storing in solid particles, in aboveground insulated tanks. When energy is needed, the stored thermal energy is converted back to electricity. GPStore could help manage energy demand not only day-to-day, but also between summer and winter, which is essential for achieving a fully renewable, climate-resilient energy grid.

The project brings together 13 academics across five UK universities and 16 industry and policy partners, including EDF Energy, UK Power Networks, Fraser-Nash Consultancy and 91ֱ�� City Council.

“People often claim that the Electoral College protects small states, but the evidence is that it just penalizes people for not living in a swing state,” said Professor McLaren, “and even for swing states, the best evidence is that small states do not benefit from the bias.” 

By combining theoretical modelling with real-world data on tariffs, industries, and voting patterns, the team developed what they call the “Swing-State Theorem.” The theorem predicts that in majoritarian systems like the US, policy naturally tilts toward the interests of swing regions - even without explicit lobbying.

The findings shed light on how political incentives can distort economic policy in ways that are both inefficient and hard to justify as fair, and they may help to explain why trade wars and protectionist measures often appear inconsistent with broader national welfare. The authors suggest the same logic could apply to other areas of policy, from infrastructure spending to defence contracts.

The exhibition runs until 28 February 2026. The curators, Dr Martin Dodge and Professor Richard Brook, have created a dynamic composition to which they will continually add material during its run.

The contribution, made by a donor who wishes to remain anonymous, will primarily help students who are care-experienced or estranged from their families. 

The generous sum will sit within the NAFUM endowment, which will pay out dividends to fund two scholarships annually. Recipients will be known as the Professor Dame Nancy Rothwell, after the former President and Vice-Chancellor of the University, and Ann El-Mokadem Scholars. 

The donor said: "This donation has been made in honour of the history of this world class institution, which I am immensely proud to be associated with. 

“This gift is intended to continue a long tradition of supporting talented students at 91ֱ��, and enabling them to shape the future of this great city and beyond.” 

Professor Dame Nancy Rothwell, former President and Vice-Chancellor of The University of Manchester, said: “It is a true privilege to have a scholarship carry my name - an honour I will always treasure. My heartfelt thanks go to the donors for their remarkable generosity.  

“I am delighted that this support will continue a long tradition here at 91ֱ��: opening doors for talented students, enabling them to thrive and achieve their ambitions at 91ֱ��.” 

Undergraduate Access Scholarships offer financial assistance to students who have experienced difficulties and are funded by alumni of the University and donors. 

NAFUM is an independent foundation that supports the University’s work, helping students from the US, Greater 91ֱ�� and the Global South to gain an education at the University. 

Through generous support, US-based alumni have helped the University to make strides tackling a number of global challenges, including inequality, poverty and cancer research. 

Donations from alumni of the University, no matter the size, fuels discoveries, real-world impact and student success. By donating or volunteering, you can support life-changing opportunities for students and help us tackle urgent global challenges. 

To find out more about making a donation to the University, please visit the University’s philanthropy page here. 

Professor Alex Horsley made the comments following last week’s news that flu cases 55% in a week with an average of 2,660 patients a day being  treated in an NHS hospital bed -  the highest ever for this time of year.

In the North West, the most recent figures show a 36.6% increase in the number of people hospitalised with flu.

NHS England is also urging eligible populations, including those people with CF, to come forward for flu vaccinations as soon as they can avoid becoming seriously ill.

Patients with CF often have chronic infection and cough, usually controlled with nebuliser medications to help them clear mucus in the lungs and antibiotics to control infection.

However influenza can sometimes have devastating consequences from escalating lung infections and breathlessness, resulting in admission to hospital.

Professor Horsley, a leading expert in cystic fibrosis, is a Professor at The University of Manchester respiratory consultant at Wythenshawe Hospital, part of Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and Medical Director of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) 91ֱ�� Clinical Research Facility at Wythenshawe Hospital.

He said:  “CF is an inherited condition, and one of the most common life-limiting genetic conditions in the UK, affecting around 11000 people.

“It primarily affects the lungs, though also has important impacts on the pancreas, causing malnutrition and diabetes, and on the gut and liver.

“For people with CF, the winter wave of flu and flu-like illnesses can be especially challenging and damaging.

“That is why it is so important people take care at this time of year, make sure they have had their flu vaccine, and do their best to avoid being exposed to those with viral symptoms.

“In our cystic fibrosis centre at Wythenshawe Hospital, we run emergency reviews every weekday to see people acutely unwell and start treatment as soon as possible.

“But we’re also researching better ways to help people with CF and are leading a new to understand and prevent it.”

Previous work in 91ֱ�� has highlighted the potential impact of viral infections on people with CF, and shown how these may relate to increased admissions and need for IV antibiotics.

However the new , part of a multi-million pound Research Innovation Hub funded by the CF Trust, is now hoping to define exactly which viruses are responsible for the worst infections in people with CF, and how they do this.

The researchers plan to use the information to discover and trial new treatments to prevent exacerbations. This study, called “CF-Tracker”, is based at the University of Manchester but involves researchers and clinical teams across the UK.

Professor Horsley added: “Recent advances in CF therapies include a group of drugs called CFTR modulators, and 91ֱ�� led the latest clinical trials of these therapies.

“Since the CFTR modulators, people with CF have got used to much better health and reduced lung symptoms.

“But up to a quarter of CF adults still end up requiring IV antibiotics each year, and some require several courses. These are serious events, not just because they disrupt work and home life but because they are associated with faster decline in health and survival.”

Laura’s Beattie’s story

She said: “My cystic fibrosis made things very difficult for me when I contracted the flu in 2022. It completely floored me and I ended up going to A&E because my breathing was so laboured, my oxygen saturations were dropping, and my heart rate was really high.

“It was doubly bad because I spent the Christmas period on 24/7 oxygen, IV antibiotics throughout the day, and having intravenous infusions continually. It took a long time to get back to any kind of normality, and it affected me for months afterwards.

“Earlier this year, I was admitted again for another virus. This admission ended up being one of the longest I’ve ever had. Even now, at home, I’m still recovering, and I’m nowhere near my usual self.”

“It’s incredibly frustrating when you don’t know exactly what has triggered an exacerbation, and even more frustrating not knowing how it’s going to affect you while you’re going through it or how long the recovery will take.

“Viral infections like flu, or a CF exacerbation or a CF exacerbation triggered by a virus, are completely unpredictable.

“You never know how hard they will hit or how much they might change things long-term. That uncertainty is really scary, and the impact on how your CF progresses can be huge.”

• For more information about the flu vaccine in Greater 91ֱ��, visit the GM integrated care
• For more information about the research innovation Hub, visit or https://www.pulse-cf.com/tracker-study

The £8m programme, which aims to recruit up to 100 patients over 5 years, has secured £3.4 million from the Medical Research Council (MRC), with support from industry partners Poolbeg Pharma plc, Johnson & Johnson, Randox Laboratories Ltd and Sanius Health.

The programme, called RISE*, aims to address one of the biggest challenges in advanced cancer immunotherapies – reducing the potentially life-threatening side effects of powerful therapies such as CAR-T and T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies. These next-generation treatments are already transforming survival prospects for patients with blood cancers like lymphoma and leukaemia, but many experience severe immune system overreactions, including Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) which can cause ‘flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue and muscle ache and can be potentially life-threatening. Approximately two hundred people are given advanced cancer therapies every year, a quarter of whom are treated at The Christie. Nearly a fifth of patients with CRS suffer severe side-effects such as difficulty breathing, organ dysfunction or neurological complications, needing intensive care treatment. 

Dr Jonathan Lim, Honorary Consultant Medical Oncologist at The Christie and Senior Lecturer at The University of Manchester and programme lead for RISE said: “RISE brings together experts from across 91ֱ�� to understand how powerful new cancer immunotherapies work, and why they sometimes cause serious side effects. Our ambition is to position the UK as a global leader in research focused on the safe delivery of cell therapies.”

Talking about her experience, Elkie said: “CAR-T was basically the only option left for me and without it I wouldn’t be here. I was told my bone marrow was about 90% leukaemia, so my prognosis was very poor. I was given a 20% chance of the treatment being successful and told about the side-effects which scared me, but I didn’t have an alternative. I was in hospital for a month and a half and spent a week in the critical care unit. I got neurotoxicity and my personality changed over-night. I was in and out of consciousness and very confused. I had hallucinations and woke up on Easter Sunday convinced I was Jesus. I became paranoid and thought I was kidnapped and chained up, but it was just the IV tubes around the bed. I even tried to attack my poor mum.

“It was very tough, but the tremendous support from my mum, boyfriend and the whole family got me through, as well as the fantastic Christie medical team. If there’d been a drug available to prevent the side effects, I would have felt less anxiety beforehand and would have had a much better experience altogether. If the researchers find a way of preventing these awful side-effects, that will make a massive difference for patients like me. It could be a real game-changer.

“My memory isn’t what it was, and my immune system is very weak, so I have to have an infusion once a month to give it a boost. I also get tired very easily but I’m now back working part-time at a hair salon and enjoying life with my boyfriend, Christy and the rest of my family.”

In parallel, the 91ֱ�� Wearables Research Group and the Christabel Pankhurst Institute at The University of Manchester, core partners of the RISE programme, will deploy a digital monitoring platform to track patients receiving standard-of-care CAR-T therapy. This technology aims to detect early signs of inflammation and enable earlier clinical intervention, before complications escalate.

Professor Alejandro Frangi, Director of the Christabel Pankhurst Institute and co-lead of RISE said: “To push the boundaries of what’s possible in immunotherapy research, we’re embedding artificial intelligence and machine learning from the outset. These high-risk and potentially high-reward tools will help uncover insights that traditional methods might miss – accelerating discovery and enabling smarter, faster solutions.”

Any patients interested in taking part in clinical trials should discuss this option with their consultant or GP. Not all patients will fit the criteria for a specific trial. While clinical trials can be successful for some patients, outcomes can vary from case to case. More information about taking part in clinical trials can be found .

*RISE stands for ‘Reducing Immune Stress from Excess Cytokine release in advanced therapies’.

Dr Glenn Wells, Medical Research Council Deputy Executive Chair, said: “This project is part of a £9 million public sector investment through MRC’s first Prosperity Partnerships. With additional contribution from industry and close collaboration with key regulatory bodies, we are addressing the safety and toxicity of advanced therapies. This research is critical to improving how gene, cell-based, and nucleic acid-dependent therapies are developed for conditions such as cancers and rare genetic disorders, so we can make meaningful improvements to patient outcomes.”

A patient who welcomes the news about this research is Elkie Mellor, 22, from Bebington in the Wirral, Merseyside who underwent CAR-T treatment for  in March 2024. This was the third time she’d had leukaemia, having first been diagnosed when she was 14 years old.

The initiative, known as the Resource for AI Science in Europe (RAISE), brings together computing power, data, expertise and funding to support researchers in applying AI to scientific discovery across all disciplines.

Following an announcement at the AI in Science Summit in Copenhagen, the SCIANCE (AI in Science) consortium, which includes researchers at The University of Manchester, has been invited to enter into a grant agreement to support the development and pilot phase of RAISE under Horizon Europe.

SCIANCE will coordinate AI-enabled science across Europe through a bottom-up, community-driven approach, bringing together top research organisations and major research facilities from across Europe, focusing on five key areas of science: physics and astronomy, materials science, life sciences, earth sciences, and social sciences and humanities.

The project will, among other things, deliver:

• A Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) for AI in Science
• An implementation roadmap for infrastructure upgrades
• The RAISE Secretariat for AI in science, to support long-term collaboration, capacity building, and alignment with European policy objectives.

The University of Manchester brings an interdisciplinary team of researchers, including , who will act at the Scientific Coordinator for Astronomy and Astrophysics, and , also from , supported by from the 91ֱ�� . 

RAISE is a flagship initiative under the European Strategy for AI in Science and aims to position Europe as a global leader in AI-enabled research by supporting scientists to develop and apply AI for transformative discoveries.

Jonas L’Haridon, Project Coordinator, ESF, said: “SCIANCE represents a unique opportunity to coordinate AI-enabled science across Europe - connecting research communities, infrastructures and AI expertise in a way that truly reflects scientific priorities.”

Engineers and geologists in the “DUST” group at the University have developed a synthetic test dust supported by an EPSRC IAA Proof of Concept grant, led by Dr Merren Jones and , that accurately replicates the fine, talcum-powder-like particles commonly found in desert regions - materials known for causing accelerated wear on some aeroengine components.

This recreated dust has become an important element of Rolls-Royce’s extensive testing programme in Derby, where the company is working to improve the durability of engines used by airlines.

Sand ingested during take-off and climb can penetrate the hottest parts of an engine, corrode components, and block coolant holes. While not a safety issue, the damage reduces efficiency, increases the maintenance burden, and shortens component life.

Using the University of Manchester’s synthetic dust, Rolls-Royce has been able to replicate harsh Middle Eastern conditions inside its Testbed 80 facility in Sinfin.

of the University’s DUST Research Group, said: “Standard test dusts do not contain the same chemical composition as the dust we see in the air of these increasingly busy airport hubs, therefore would not stress the engine in the same way. A bespoke recipe was needed to reproduce the molten glassy deposits that cause the damage in the hottest parts of the jet engine. Combining the expertise of geologists, who are familiar with the minerals of these regions and how they break down under high temperature, with engineers who can simulate the conditions inside a jet engine, has been pivotal in developing this bespoke test dust.”

This realistic testing allowed engineers to trial new coatings that better withstand heat and corrosion, and to redesign coolant holes so they are less prone to blockage.

According to Pat Hilton, Rolls-Royce’s Test Facilities Manager, the University’s contribution has helped increase the understanding of how dust behaves inside high-temperature turbines. Engine changes have been tested with the synthetic raw material and modified engines have returned to service, showing  a 60% increase in time between overhauls.

The DUST group (Drs Jones, , and )  continues to support this effort through InnovateUK-funded projects focusing on on-wing component inspection and digital tool development for virtual sand and dust tests.

The work forms part of a £1 billion durability programme aimed at doubling the lifespan of engines such as the Trent XWB-97 by 2028. 91ֱ��’s breakthrough dust replica is an important tool to achieve this goal, helping Rolls-Royce strengthen performance across its Middle Eastern fleet.

Published today in , the images reveal a series of delicate, ring-like structures that record decades of violent outbursts during the star’s early life.

The international study, which included astronomers at The University of Manchester, used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), one of the world’s most advanced astronomical facilities.

The team focused on a fast-moving jet emerging from SVS 13, a binary system around 1,000 light-years from Earth, capturing high-resolution images that show hundreds of nested molecular rings. Each group of rings trace the aftermath of an energetic burst during the star’s infancy.

The findings provide the first direct confirmation of a three decade old model of these jets, allowing the reconstruction of the chronological record of how forming stars feed on, and then explosively expel, surrounding material.

is a co-author on the paper and Principal Investigator of the UK ALMA Regional Centre Node, which supports UK astronomers in their use of the ALMA observatory.

He said: “ALMA has provided a level of precision we’ve never been able to achieve before. These images give us a completely new way of reading a young star’s history.
Each group of rings is effectively a time-stamp of a past eruption. It gives us an important new insight into how young stars grow and how their developing planetary systems are shaped.”

Stars like the Sun form deep within dense clouds of gas and dust. In their earliest stages, they undergo energetic outbursts that heat and disturb the material around them. At the same time, they launch rapid, tightly collimated jets of gas that play a crucial role in regulating how the star accumulates matter and how its surrounding disc – where future planets eventually form – evolves.

The team identified more than 400 individual rings in the jet from SVS 13, showing how its shape and speed change over time as it punches through its environment. Using this data, the researchers reconstructed the jet’s 3D structure in unprecedented detail – a technique they describe as “cosmic tomography”.

They found that the youngest ring matches a bright outburst observed from the SVS 13 system in the early 1990s. This is the first time astronomers have been able to directly connect a specific burst of activity in a forming star with a change in the speed of its jet.

The project involved researchers from 16 institutions across eight countries and was led by the Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA-CSIC) in Spain. The new ALMA observations form part of a long-running project to understand how stars and planets form, building on earlier work from the US National Science Foundation’s Very Large Array (VLA), which first revealed the jets from SVS 13.

ALMA is run by the which is operated by , and . The (UK ARC Node) is supported by .

This research was published in the journal Nature Astronomy.

Full title: 'Bowshocks driven by the pole-on molecular jet of outbursting protostar SVS 13'

DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02716-2 

URL:

The study was conducted by researchers from The University of Manchester, Northern Illinois University and the Zoe App, and is part of ongoing efforts to build a more global understanding of LGBTQ+ identities.

The event brought people together to exchange scholarly insight, share lived experiences and highlight the interfaith work already happening across the region. Organised in response to rising levels of faith prejudice and violence across Greater 91ֱ��, it sought to strengthen faith inclusion, deepen civic relationships and inspire partnerships and ideas to shape future action.

Academic and Civic Panel

The evening began with an academic panel who provided perspectives on the complex landscape of religious tolerance in Britain. Professor Daniel Langton reflected on Judaism and antisemitism in the UK, Dr Kamran Karimullah discussed diversity, Islam, and Islamophobia, and Dr Cllr Eve Parker explored inequalities and patterns of religious intolerance. Professor Hilary Pilkington examined how religion can be both used and abused in narratives around religious tolerance and extremism.

A panel of civic and community voices added further insight. Kate Green, Deputy Mayor of Greater 91ֱ�� Combined Authority, spoke about the public sector’s role in responding to religious intolerance. Hamayoun Choudry from Cheadle Masjid and Sajjad Amin from Khizra Mosque shared ongoing work with Greater 91ֱ�� Citizens and The University of Manchester to advance social cohesion and interfaith action. Rabbi Warren Elf offered practical insights on multi-faith collaboration, while Kelly Fowler, CEO of cohesion and integration network Belong discussed lessons learned from social cohesion practice.

Roundtable Reflections

After hearing from both the academic and civic panels, guests were invited to reflect on what they had heard through a facilitation exercise. Themes that emerged included the importance of empathy, shared humanity, challenging harmful language, and the uses and limitations of the concept of tolerance. Participants also reflected on the importance of grassroots relationships, building trust over time, and ensuring that all voices, including those often unheard, are included in future conversations.

Looking Forward

Professor Ivison, President and Vice-Chancellor and chair of the event, commented “These Community Conversations exemplify our role as a civic convenor — creating space for dialogue across difference and bringing our academic experts together with members of our community. I hope everyone who joined us felt supported and sees the University as a partner in building understanding and trust.”

Dr Julian Skyrme, Executive Director for Social Responsibility, added, “This event is part of our series of Community Conversations and our Office for Social Responsibility is committed to advancing this type of work with openness and purpose. Social responsibility is a core foundation of our 91ֱ�� 2035 strategy. As a trusted civic partner, our goal is to work alongside people and organisations in Greater 91ֱ�� to affect positive change.”

Led and funded by researchers at The University of Manchester and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration Greater 91ֱ�� (ARC-GM), and NIHR 91ֱ�� Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The papers, published in The British Journal of Psychiatry, examined adults and young people who accessed the Greater 91ֱ�� Resilience Hub, which was established to coordinate psychological support following the attack.

The attack on 22nd May 2017 killed 22 people and around 19,500 people were present at the Arena, including concert-goers, staff, parents and emergency responders.

Adult study: timely help seeking is linked to lower levels of mental distress

The first paper analysed data from 2,627 adults who registered with the Resilience Hub during the three years after the attack. Researchers examined screening results for symptoms of trauma, depression, anxiety and problems with social or work functioning. Participants were grouped according to when they first registered—from three months to more than three years after the attack—and followed over time.

Those who sought help earlier were less symptomatic when they first contacted the Hub. People who waited longer to register tended to have higher levels of distress, depression and anxiety, but all groups showed improvement in mental health over time. Later registrants improved at a slightly faster rate once they engaged with support.

The analysis also showed that individuals who had more contact time with Hub staff, through assessments, therapy sessions or group workshops, tended to experience greater reductions in depression and anxiety scores.

Researchers concluded that early and sustained engagement with mental health support services can be beneficial after a traumatic event. They also found that even those who delayed seeking help experienced improvement once they accessed care.

Dr Louise Hussey, lead author and Research Fellow at the  University of Manchester said:

“These papers explore how the Resilience Hub supported people affected by the 2017 traumatic event. They add to existing evidence showing the benefits of providing timely mental health support after major incidents. The research also offers valuable insight into how the Hub was developed as a rapid and ongoing response to urgent needs. This work is helping to inform future service planning and provision, with the aim of improving outcomes for those affected by similar events.” 

Sister paper: impact on children and adolescents

A companion study, “Has mental health changed in children and adolescents registered with a dedicated support service responding to the 91ֱ�� Arena attack: 3-year follow-up,” examined similar data from younger registrants of the Hub. It explored how symptoms changed over time among children and adolescents affected by the attack, including those present at the Arena and those indirectly affected through family members. Researchers also looked at some of the children and adolescence mental health screening scores in relation to those provided by their parents/guardians. Parents/guardians with a higher level of mental distress were observed to assign higher anxiety scores to their child or adolescent in relation to the score reported by the young person themselves. This showed that parental wellbeing was associated with child’s mental distress indicating shared family trauma should be considered when planning care.

Together, the two studies provide a detailed picture of the psychological impact of the 91ֱ�� Arena attack and the long-term value of proactive, coordinated mental health support.

Wider lessons

The authors note that the findings reinforce the importance of early outreach and accessible psychological services following mass trauma events. We recommend that future emergency response planning should include systems for early identification, regular follow-up and data collection to support ongoing evaluation.

Read more about the project here:

Read both papers in full via the links below;

Anyone impacted by the 91ֱ�� Arena attack can still contact the Greater 91ֱ�� Resilience Hub on 0333 009 5071 or email gm.help@nhs.net. The Hub provides a range of specialist, psychological support services to help people affected by trauma; including supporting anyone living in Greater 91ֱ�� affected by the 91ֱ�� synagogue attack in October 2025.

The study, published in the journal , is based on interviews with 23 housing and construction specialists. It reveals widespread concern that while heating in homes has long been a priority, cooling in homes is largely overlooked, despite climate change driving more frequent heatwaves.

The researchers warn that without urgent action, residents could face increasing energy bills and worsening health risks, increasing pressure on NHS and emergency services during extreme heat.

The study highlights gaps in policy and long-term funding making it difficult for the sector to deliver energy-efficient, climate-resilient homes and short-term schemes, like the Warm Homes Grant, may not provide long-term solutions.

It also highlights a skills gap and a lack of guidance on climate-resilient home design, particularly for cooling solutions.

The report calls for urgent action to:

• Establish a national climate-resilience strategy for homes, aligning housing policy with UK climate commitments
• Provide long-term, stable funding for social housing retrofits
• Prioritise cooling, ventilation and overheating prevention alongside heating efficiency
• Strengthen training and skills programmes for low-carbon, climate-resilient construction
• Ensure equitable outcomes for low-income households as energy systems transition

Lead researcher , a PhD researcher at The University of Manchester's Tyndall 91ֱ��, said: “The UK is not moving fast enough to protect residents from the impacts of climate change. Our research makes clear that we urgently need a comprehensive climate-resilience framework - one that brings together strategy, regulation, construction practice and smart energy-demand management.

“Thermal comfort is a basic human need and our social homes must be safe, affordable and resilient. Overheating is already a risk, particularly for vulnerable residents, yet cooling is barely discussed in policy or practice. From our interviews, we can see that the construction sector is ready to act, but it needs clear direction, long-term commitment and a fair policy framework from the government.”

The UK is committed to building over 1.5 million new homes while achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. The researchers stress that without urgent action, the UK will fall further behind these climate targets.

While the introduction of Building Regulations Part O in 2022 marked progress, the researchers say it does not go far enough to counter the long-term temperature rise projected for the UK.

Claire Brown added: “Housing must be treated as critical infrastructure, just like schools and hospitals, if we are to meet carbon budgets while delivering more than 1.5 million new homes. Without significant systemic change, we risk locking in higher emissions, higher costs and poorer outcomes for the people who rely on social housing most.”

This research was published in the journal Energy Policy

Full title: Improving energy performance and futureproofing social housing: Professional views and policy directions in the UK

DOI:

URL:

In a study published today in , the team demonstrate a completely new way of probing the tiny “ticking” of the thorium-229 nucleus without needing a specialised transparent crystal – a breakthrough that could underpin a new class of timekeeping so precise it could transform navigation, communications, earthquake and volcano prediction, and deep-space exploration.

The advance builds on a landmark achievement , when the team succeeded  in using a laser to excite the nucleus of thorium-229 inside a transparent crystal - a feat the team has been working on for the past 15 years.

Now, researchers have achieved the same results using a tiny fraction of the material and with a method so simple and inexpensive that it opens the door to real-world nuclear clock technology.

“Previously, the transparent crystals needed to hold thorium-229 were technically demanding and costly to produce, which placed real limits on any practical application,” explained , co-author of the research and Lecturer in Computational and Theoretical Chemistry at The University of Manchester. “This new approach is a major step forward for the future of nuclear clocks and leaves little doubt that such a device is feasible and potentially much closer than anyone expected.”

In the new study, the team instead excited the thorium nucleus inside a microscopic thin film of thorium oxide, made by electroplating a minute amount of thorium onto a stainless-steel disc – a process similar to gold-plating jewellery and a radical simplification of their previous method.

The thorium nuclei absorb energy from a laser and then, after a few microseconds, transfer that energy to nearby electrons so it can be measured directly as an electric current. This method, known as conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, has been in use for years, but normally requires high-energy gamma rays at special facilities. This is the first time it has  been demonstrated with a laser in an ordinary lab.

Crucially, it shows that thorium-229 can be studied inside far more common materials than previously thought, removing one of the biggest obstacles to building practical nuclear clocks.

The technique also offers new insight into how thorium-229 behaves and decays, which could one day inform new types of nuclear materials and future energy research.

“We had always assumed that in order to excite and then observe the nuclear transition the thorium needed to be embedded in a material that was transparent to the light used to excite the nucleus. In this work, we realized that is simply not true,” said UCLA physicist Eric Hudson., who led the research. “We can still force enough light into these opaque materials to excite nuclei near the surface and then, instead of emitting photons like they do in transparent materials like the crystals, they emit electrons which can be detected simply by monitoring an electrical current – which is just about the easiest thing you can do in the lab.”

Like atomic clocks, nuclear clocks rely on the natural “ticking” of single atoms. But in atomic clocks that process involves electrons, while nuclear clocks use oscillations within the nucleus itself. This makes them far less sensitive to external disturbances, giving them the potential to be orders of magnitude more accurate.

Nuclear clocks could even be used to predict earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Because of Einstein’s theory of general relativity, nuclear clocks should be sensitive to small changes in the Earth’s gravity due to the movement of magma and rock deep underground. By placing nuclear clocks all over earthquake zones, like Japan, Indonesia, or Pakistan, we could watch what’s going on beneath our feet in real time and predict tectonic events before they happen.

Dr Morgan added: “In the long term, this technology could revolutionise our ability to prepare for natural disasters. It’s incredibly exciting to think that thorium clocks can do things we previously thought were impossible, as well as improving everything we currently use atomic clocks for.”

The research was funded by the National Science Foundation, and also included physicists from the University of Nevada Reno, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Ziegler Analytics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität at Mainz, and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.

This research was published in the journal Nature

Full title: Laser-based conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy of 229ThO2 

DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-09776-4 

URL:  

As a result of her mentorship, one of Professor Hussell’s mentees, , has gone on to receive a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship to further develop her independent research programme.

Speaking about her mentorship, her mentees describe Professor Hussell as a visionary guide: “Tracy has an excellent eye for the bigger picture. [….]. She has pushed me to be ambitious in my research and encouraged me to develop my own collaborations across faculties.” 

Commenting on the award, Professor Hussell said, “I am thrilled to be recognised by Nature for something that brings me such joy: mentoring others. I have been fortunate to work with many wonderful people, and it has been an enormous pleasure to support them in any way possible throughout their lives and careers.”

Professor Tracy Hussell is the Director of the  at the University of Manchester and President of the . She is an expert in innate immunity to lung viral and bacterial infection and in the adaptation of airway macrophages to the changing microenvironment of the lung.

Thanks to a €2.25M Consolidator Grant from the European Research Council (ERC), UnifySky - a five-year project led by Dr Phil Bull - will combine decades of existing radio observations with new data from a custom-built horn-antenna – named RHINO - to tackle one of cosmology’s biggest challenges.

The “radio sky” refers to the radio waves emitted by objects across the Universe, including pulsars, quasars, and clouds of hydrogen gas. Although invisible to the human eye, these signals carry vital clues about the Universe’s earliest moments, such as how the first stars and galaxies formed. Mapping the radio sky allows astronomers to uncover hidden structures and processes that cannot be seen with traditional optical telescopes. However, progress has been held back by sky maps that are incomplete, inconsistent, or affected by instrumental errors.

“Existing sky maps can be wrong by more than 10%, yet we need errors below 1%,” explained Dr Bull, Reader in Cosmology at the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester. “These inaccuracies arise from old, inconsistent data stitched together from many different telescopes. Without improved models, the faint signals from the first stars and galaxies are lost beneath the much stronger radio emission from our own Galaxy.”

To achieve this, the project will combine decades of existing observations with new, precisely calibrated measurements from RHINO. Using advanced statistical techniques implemented in Dr Bull’s world-leading software, UnifySky will untangle overlapping signals and correct for errors from previous instruments, producing the first fully consistent model of the radio sky.

A key target is the extremely faint 21cm signal emitted by hydrogen in the early Universe, which carries key information about when the first stars and galaxies formed. The improved models will transform the scientific output of major experiments such as the ), and the which are seeking to observe the signal.

The project will also revisit two puzzling results reported by the instrument and experiment, which both detected unusual radio signals that some researchers have suggested might hint at new physics.  It is not yet clear whether these signals are real or the result of errors in making these tricky measurements.

The UnifySky project will focus on three main areas of work:

1.      Building a high-precision statistical model of the radio sky
By developing an advanced statistical model that combines past and current radio observations, the project will produce a single, consistent map of the sky. This model will correct long-standing errors, account for uncertainties, and provide a flexible tool for calibrating telescopes and studying the faint signals from the early Universe.

2.      Observing the sky with a novel horn antenna telescope
By building a precisely calibrated horn antenna called the project will reobserve the unusual signal seen by the EDGES experiment and provide a reliable reference for other measurements. The antenna will be the size of a semi-detached house, and will be built at the Jodrell Bank Observatory, a stone’s throw away from the historic Lovell telescope.

3.      Unlocking new physics from the radio sky
By combining the new, high-precision sky model with RHINO’s calibrated measurements, the project will re-analyse data from leading radio telescopes to study the early Universe. This will improve measurements of the 21cm signal from the first stars and galaxies, map the radio emission from our Galaxy, and separate different sources of cosmic radio waves. The results will give new insights into the formation of early structures and the effects of dark energy.

The work builds on Jodrell Bank’s long-standing global reputation in radio astronomy, together with Dr Phil Bull’s world-leading expertise in theoretical and observational cosmology, ensuring 91ֱ�� is uniquely equipped to deliver the UnifySky project.

The findings come at a time when UK manufacturers are still recovering from the pandemic, coping with Brexit-related pressures and dealing with rising geopolitical uncertainty. For many firms, especially those serving large, strategically important customers, a single delay or supply failure can put long-standing relationships at risk. 

The study offers reassurance that even smaller manufacturers can build resilience - not just industry giants.

This patronage is a formal endorsement by a National Commission for UNESCO for an external activity that aligns with UNESCO's mission, acting as a recognised mark of quality.

The Great Science Share for Schools (GSSfS) aims to engage young people in asking, investigating and sharing scientific questions. The campaign has over 800,000 young people registered in 50 countries across the world.

Earlier this year, GSSfS celebrated 10 years of the programme, leading to registrations from 835,135 pupils. The University of Manchester hosted more than 35 schools from across Greater 91ֱ�� in its Nancy Rothwell building. They explored questions such as, are all flowers the same? And, does the temperature of the ocean affect coral? 

The team are now working towards their 11th year, seeking to continue to build international engagement, with significant inroads made in training teachers and engaging schools in Malta, Spain and Slovenia.

Driven by the University’s Business Engagement and Knowledge Exchange (BEKE) team, The , the (AMBS) and the , the partnership will focus on creating opportunities for collaboration that drive innovation.

The partnership aims to create tangible outcomes to benefit students, staff, businesses and the wider community, across the North West region and beyond.

Students will benefit from real-world learning experiences embedded within their academic programmes, supported by opportunities for internships, placements, and professional mentoring. The partnership also creates scope for a wide range of innovative activities, including enterprise competitions, advanced skills development, and initiatives to nurture entrepreneurial ventures and start-ups.

For staff and researchers, the partnership provides a platform for meaningful engagement with industry, enabling knowledge exchange and joint projects that address emerging challenges and drive innovation.

Dr Cat Headley, CEO of The University of Manchester Innovation Factory, commented: “The signing of this MoU with NatWest is a really positive step in building a partnership that has the potential to span across many areas of innovation in the University, in a way that will benefit researchers, students and entrepreneurs across our community.”

The signing event for the MoU was held at The University of Manchester and it was signed by Professor Kenneth McPhail, Head of School at AMBS and Stephen Sankson, Regional Director at NatWest, on NatWest’s behalf.

Mr Sankson said of the partnership: “We are delighted to sign this agreement with The University of Manchester. Whether focussing on entrepreneurship with students, supporting spin outs, or helping early-stage ventures to flourish, this partnership will not only provide opportunities to work on our shared goal of supporting growth, but will also be a catalyst for even greater collaboration and innovation across the City Region and beyond.”

The MoU establishes a three-year framework for collaboration, with regular reviews to ensure continued progress and impact. A dedicated Steering Committee will guide the partnership, focusing on broad strategic priorities that strengthen innovation, enhance the student experience, and create opportunities for knowledge exchange and enterprise across the University and beyond.

The MoU will merge the University’s world-class academic expertise and NatWest’s leadership in the financial sector, with the aim of shaping a future of inclusive, sustainable growth.

An international collaboration of scientists, including from The University of Manchester, working on the experiment at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory announced that they have found no evidence for a fourth type of neutrino, known as a sterile neutrino.

For decades, physics experiments have observed neutrinos - sub-atomic particles that are all around us - behaving in a way that doesn’t fit . One of the most promising explanations was the existence of a sterile neutrino, named because they are predicted not to interact with matter at all, whereas other neutrinos can. This means they could pass through the Universe almost undetected.

Using a highly sensitive detector called MicroBooNE, sitting on two different neutrino beams, the researchers observed how thousands of neutrinos behaved over several years. If the fourth neutrinos existed, it would have left a clear fingerprint. The result, published today in the journal , shows there was no evidence and rules out a single sterile neutrino explanation with 95% certainty.

Professor of Particle Physics at The University of Manchester and co-spokesperson for MicroBooNE, said: “Any time you rule out one place where physics beyond the Standard Model could be, that makes you look in other places. This is a result that is going to really spur a creative push in the neutrino physics community to come up with yet more exciting ways of looking for new physics. Sometimes, science is just as much about what you don’t find as what you do."

The University of Manchester played a leading role in the breakthrough. Dr Elena Gramellini was the driving force behind the experiment’s physics programme using the NuMI beam - a crucial part of the analysis behind this result. Professor Roxanne Guenette was one of the originators of MicroBooNE’s short-baseline oscillation programme, helping to shape the strategy used to investigate the sterile-neutrino question. The new paper builds directly on that foundational work.

Neutrinos come in three known types, or flavours: muon, electron and tau. They can change from one type to another as they travel. But this flavour-flipping cannot fully be explained by the current Standard Model.

Some earlier experiments - -  also made observations suggesting that muon neutrinos were oscillating into electron neutrinos over shorter distances than should be possible.

“They saw flavour change on a length scale that is just not consistent with there only being three neutrinos,” explained , “And the most popular explanation over the past 30 years to explain the anomaly is that there’s a sterile neutrino.”

The experiment collected data from 2015 to 2021, observing neutrinos from Fermilab’s Booster Neutrino Beam and the NuMI beam. MicroBooNE is the first experiment that has done a sterile neutrino search with one detector and two beams simultaneously. This reduces the uncertainties in MicroBooNE’s result, making it possible to exclude nearly the entire favoured region in which a single sterile neutrino could be hiding. 

Although this result rules out one explanation for anomalies seen in neutrino behaviour, the mystery itself remains. Scientists are now analysing the remaining MicroBooNE data and other experiments in the Short-Baseline Neutrino Program are also on the case.

In addition to the search for new physics, the MicroBooNE collaboration is providing insight into how neutrinos interact in liquid argon, an important metric that will benefit other liquid-argon time projection chamber experiments such as the .

Matthew Toups, Fermilab senior scientist and co-spokesperson for MicroBooNE, said: “It’s really exciting to be doing both cutting-edge science that has a major impact on our field as well as developing novel techniques that will support and enable future scientific measurements.”

This research has been published in the journal

Full title: Search for light sterile neutrinos with two neutrino beams at MicroBooNE

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09757-7

URL:

The University of Manchester is globally renowned for its pioneering research, outstanding teaching and learning, and commitment to social responsibility. We are a truly international university – ranking in the top 50 in a range of global rankings – with a diverse community of more than 44,300 students, 12,800 colleagues and 585,000 alumni.  Sign up for our e-news to hear first-hand about our international partnerships and activities across the globe. 

The University of Manchester and the have established a groundbreaking strategic partnership. The first of its kind, this partnership will give the ISAC access to the University’s research and expertise to drive forward recommendations for the Government’s Industrial Strategy. 

The Industrial Strategy Advisory Council, reporting to the Department for Business and Trade and HM Treasury, has been tasked with bringing together views from business, academia and industry to further the Government’s mission to drive economic growth across the country.  

Greater 91ֱ�� has been leading the way for many years, and the launch of the partnership coincides with the announcement that the Industrial Strategy Advisory Council (ISAC) will be headquartered in 91ֱ��, giving the Council direct access to world class universities, innovative businesses and pro-growth institutions.

The University’s gateway for innovation, Unit M will work closely with the ISAC, an independent body responsible for advising Government on the Industrial Strategy, to bring the partnership vision to life and support its commitment to oversee effective implementation of the Industrial Strategy.  

The Council’s presence in 91ֱ�� will also ensure that their work benefits from real insight into how to drive growth at a local level reflecting the insights of local leaders, businesses and institutions.

The partnership will support the Council’s monitoring of the growth-driving sectors of the Government’s Industrial Strategy to establish evidence and data to support a shared understanding of how they are developing. Though it will have a national focus, it will also leverage an in-depth knowledge of Greater 91ֱ�� to give a regional perspective to the Industrial Strategy.

Dame Clare Barclay DBE, Chair of the Industrial Strategy Advisory Council (ISAC), said: “I am delighted to launch our new partnership with the University of Manchester. This partnership demonstrates the Council’s commitment to working collaboratively with world class institutions such as the University of Manchester to share knowledge and research in support of our shared objectives. 

"This partnership will strengthen the Council’s ability to advise Government by enhancing our collaboration with the local innovative institutions and businesses that are so crucial to driving economic growth in the UK.”

Minister for the Industrial Strategy, Blair McDougall MP said: "Our modern Industrial Strategy is kickstarting an era of economic prosperity, and this landmark partnership will help provide expert advice as we continue to effectively deliver our Strategy over the next decade.

"By bringing academia and industry together, this partnership will unlock the local innovation we need to drive economic growth into Greater 91ֱ�� and every part of the country."

Highly Cited Researchers demonstrate significant and broad influence across their fields of research and have authored multiple ‘Highly Cited’ papers. These papers proudly rank in the top one percent by citations for their field and publication year in the Web of Science over the past eleven years.

Celebrating researchers’ impact, the list includes 11 entries for academics primarily affiliated with The University of Manchester (with a double entry for Professor Zhiguo Ding in the fields of both Computer Science and Engineering).

The 2025 list includes Professors Pamela Qualter, Dave Singh and Adisa Azapagic for the first time.

Professor Pierluigi Mancarella and Professor Sir Konstantin S. Novoselov, both secondarily affiliated with The University of Manchester, also made this year’s list, earning the University 13 mentions overall in the 2025 rankings.

David Pendlebury, Head of Research Analysis at the Institute for Scientific Information at Clarivate commented: “The Highly Cited Researchers list identifies and celebrates exceptional individual researchers at The University of Manchester who demonstrate significant and broad influence in their fields.

“They exemplify excellence in their research as well as integrity in their publication and citation practices. These researchers continue to shape the future of science, technology and academia globally and deliver innovation that drives societal progress.”

The rankings are built on rigorous citation analysis and refined by expert judgement, quantitative metrics and qualitative analysis.

Ultimately, the project concludes that tackling conspiracy theories requires more than closing individual online channels. Efforts must address the structural political and social conditions that allow conspiracist narratives to flourish, as well as the business models that incentivise sensational content. The researchers urge a move away from simply asking why the public lacks trust, towards making institutions genuinely worthy of trust.

The University of Manchester is globally renowned for its pioneering research, outstanding teaching and learning, and commitment to social responsibility. We are a truly international university – ranking in the top 50 in a range of global rankings – with a diverse community of more than 44,300 students, 12,800 colleagues and 585,000 alumni.  Sign up for our e-news to hear first-hand about our international partnerships and activities across the globe. 

By , Professor of Evolutionary Ecology & Conservation, The

On the western flanks of Mount Kenya lies the Laikipia plateau, an achingly beautiful landscape that is both a refuge for wildlife and a home to traditional Masai communities. Black rhinos, which were once nearly extinct, are now thriving on some of these conservation properties, thanks to the intense efforts to keep them safe.

The tells the story of the people and the challenges faced to in this volatile landscape. The cinematography and score beautifully captures the landscape, people, animals and pace of life, which is at times languorous and at times frantic.

The story unfolds from the perspective of two rangers. Ramson Kiluko is an experienced ranger who works with his team to watch, protect and understand the rhinos. The film gives us a glimpse into his family life, the camaraderie of the ranger team and the rich knowledge he has about the lives of individual rhinos and their landscape. Rita Kulamu is a young ranger learning about rhinos as her property prepares to welcome them. Their work takes place against a background of danger, posed by both people and animals.

Rhino focuses on the critical role rangers play in the conservation story of black rhinos, which is an inspiring change from the traditional wildlife documentary that suggests a wildness that exists without the need for human intervention or involvement. Once on the brink of extinction, it is precisely the intensive efforts made to protect rhinos by people like Kiluko and Kulamu that has seen .

The film loosely follows a narrative around the planned move of 21 rhinos from the and reserves in central Kenya, where they are too numerous, to – a 58,000 acre wildlife conservation area which has long been without rhinos.

On Lewa and Borana, the rhinos fight for space and territory, on Loisaba they have the opportunity to create a new breeding population. Moving rhinos between reserves is a core part of their conservation. Poaching pressures require rhinos to be fiercely guarded. In Kenya, where my team has carried out research to understand the factors that lead to successfully breeding , rangers are tasked with finding each rhino every day. Fences that keep rhinos in and people out mean that rhinos cannot move to avoid threats, avoid inbreeding, or to reestablish populations where they no longer are found.

Moving rhinos is far from easy. They can be aggressive and need to be handled with care. Rhinos are also not very resilient to being moved between properties. These moves often lead to rhinos dying from fighting, stress and .

The film shows how led to a delay of several years to try to maximise the success . This widespread and prolonged drought caused intense suffering of humans, livestock and wildlife. Conflicts over animals and land boiled over, leading to violence but also . These day-to-day challenges faced by conservationists are rarely touched on. Hopefully this film will help audiences understand that there are legions of passionate conservation professionals behind every success story.

However, there is much that the story doesn’t tell. My experience researching wildlife health and disease in this landscape has highlighted how critical it is to create solutions that benefit both nature and people. Laikipia is a complicated landscape, where land rights, land ownership and power inequalities create tensions, and even violence, .

This is a landscape where settlers, European farmers that immigrated, appropriated the best, most productive beautiful lands from . High-end conservation reserves manage landscapes that teem with wildlife but are often off limits to the people that once moved widely with their animals. Our conversations with local people suggest that they view rhino conservation as a Trojan horse, moved around to justify high fences, armed security and to restrict people’s movement.

Rhino portrays the situation in somewhat simplistic terms: the good rangers and the bad “bandits”. In reality, conservation sits at a much less clear cut interface between the haves and the have nots, between those with international and national support for protecting animals, and pastoralists, a traditional way of life where people move with their herds of animals across the land, who feel their rights and traditional lands have been taken from them and that the wild animals have more rights that they do.

Violence comes not just from evil, avaricious thieves, but sometimes from frustrated, desperate people who have to deal with too many animals on too little land. Rhino tells an interesting and valuable story, but true conservation success must also address inequality, disenfranchisement and the tensions that “parachute” and colonial conservation in local communities.

This article is republished from under a Creative Commons license. Read the .

For me, stepping back starts with understanding the real cost behind Black Friday. There’s the waste that often comes from “bagging a bargain” we didn’t actually need.

Research suggests around 80% of Black Friday purchases end up unused or thrown away after one use, and more than half of shoppers regret what they bought.

And it’s no wonder. The whole event is built on aggressive marketing and psychological pricing tricks that make it difficult to think clearly in the moment.

Consumer group Which? even found that 98% of Black Friday “deals” were the same price or cheaper at other times of the year.

The environmental side is just as striking: carbon emissions from deliveries rise by almost 94% compared with a typical week, and waste increases by around 25%.

The second part is remembering that most of us want something a bit more meaningful than another parcel arriving on the doorstep.

That feeling of guilt or disappointment after a rushed purchase isn’t just about the item. It often reflects the sense that the whole cycle leaves us a little empty. Especially in a year when it’s become so expensive simply to get by.

That’s where Giving Tuesday comes in. It’s a global movement that encourages people to support good causes rather than accumulate things that won’t matter for long.

Last year, Giving Tuesday raised almost £20 million for charities in the UK. In the United States, where it began, it raised £2.5 billion.

Maybe the difference in scale is fuelled by the same concerns that mean today in the UK fewer people are donating to charity than ever before. People want to feel confident that their support genuinely helps.

That it does, in fact, reach the people and communities we want to benefit from our generosity, rather than getting tied up in the costs of running a large charity.

But here’s why I think we’re right not to be swept along by big charitable gimmicks. The answer isn’t more one-off giving days. The truth is that real change doesn’t happen in 24 hours. It doesn’t follow a marketing calendar.

It happens slowly, steadily, in the hands of people who understand their communities better than any charity board or funder ever could.

And the small grassroots groups doing this work say that what they need most isn’t a sudden spike in donations. It’s steady, predictable support that lets them plan ahead.

That’s why long-term, small-scale giving can be so powerful. A few pounds a month isn’t dramatic, but it creates stability. It gives community organisations the confidence to look beyond the next crisis and invest in what they know will make a lasting difference.

 offers an approach built around exactly that idea. People contribute small monthly amounts – as little as £1.25, far less than a take-away coffee - into a shared fund.

That money goes directly to community-led groups in the UK and around the world, supporting local groups directly: the young people leading climate resilience projects, the women shaping their neighbourhoods and campaigning for social housing, the local organisers tackling loneliness, and the local organisations keep young people in school.

No glossy campaigns. No distant decision-making. Just practical, grounded support for people tackling the challenges they live with every day. That’s what generates change, not charity.

So if Black Friday feels overwhelming and Giving Tuesday feels a bit fleeting, there is another option. You can choose to be part of something that lasts longer than a sale or a hashtag. What we give doesn’t have to be big to be meaningful.

Giving a little, regularly, is what it takes to help communities build the change they know is needed. Showing up consistently - no matter how small – is so much more powerful than showing off once a year.

That what helps communities create the kind of change that outlives all of us.

________________

Nicola Banks is Professor at the Global Development Institute at The University of Manchester and Co-Founder of social enterprise, 

This piece was originally published by .

The research offers a pointed reminder that, in an era where symbolic gestures from global sporting bodies can carry enormous political weight, understanding the mechanics of narrative formation is essential. Debates around sport, reputation and political power are set to continue - and this work provides a crucial framework for interpreting them.

The researchers say progress on attendance since the pandemic has been slow - and for some children, things are getting worse. They’re calling for a joined-up approach that brings together schools, families and community services. This could include:

- Family Hubs which offer early help, advice and activities to support school readiness
- More flexible routes through education, like apprenticeships and internships
- Enrichment activities, mental health and careers support to support pupil’s broader engagement with learning
- Stronger relationships between teachers, pupils and parents
- Involving young people in decisions to increase their sense of belonging and safety

“Every missed day of school means a missed opportunity,” said Baroness Anne Longfield, founder of the Centre for Young Lives. “This research shines a light on the urgent need to fix attendance and make sure every child gets the education they deserve.”

The Child of the North campaign is a partnership between the N8 Research Partnership and Health Equity North which brings together universities across the North of England - including 91ֱ��, Leeds, Durham, York, Lancaster, Liverpool, Sheffield and Newcastle - to push for fairer futures for children across the North of England.

“If we want to give every child a fair start in life, we need to fix attendance - and that means fixing the barriers that stop children from feeling they belong in school,” said Professor Mark Mon-Williams, who leads the campaign.

From September 2026, graduates from both 91ֱ�� Metropolitan University and The University of Manchester will be eligible for a 10% fee discount on PGT programmes across both institutions.   

Together, they are the first UK universities to offer an alumni discount across separate institutions, marking a significant step forward in collaboration between two which will benefit graduates, while helping to grow 91ֱ��’s talent pipeline and economy. 

The new scheme will open opportunities for more students and answers the Government’s call in its recently published Post-16 Education and Skills White Paper for universities to work more closely together to support students and drive growth. 

Professor Malcolm Press CBE DL, Vice-Chancellor at 91ֱ�� Metropolitan University, said: “Here in 91ֱ�� our universities have a long history of working together for the benefit of our students, our city region, and our national economy.  

“Initiatives such as our joint alumni scheme represent tangible progress towards deeper, more strategic partnerships. We are committed to continuing this journey together and are actively exploring new opportunities to collaborate and strengthen regional collaboration to drive meaningful impact in local communities.” 

Professor Duncan Ivison, President and Vice-Chancellor of The University of Manchester said: “We want to see flourishing communities where people have good quality jobs. More people having more chances to develop their skills and extend their education is an important way to do this. By creating this partnership, we are increasing the ability of people of all ages to access new knowledge and benefit wider society.   

“This partnership will also strengthen the ties that people in 91ֱ�� and across the world have with our two universities. This is just the start of a strategic relationship with 91ֱ�� Met that builds on our unique strengths.” 

Both The University of Manchester and 91ֱ�� Met trace their roots back more than 200 years to the formation of the 91ֱ�� Mechanics Institution in 1824, founded to educate the skilled workforce essential to 91ֱ��’s industrial revolution.  

91ֱ�� is now home to one of the largest student populations in Europe and the city’s excellence in higher education is evidenced through The University of Manchester’s ranking of 7th in the UK in the QS World University Ranking 2026 and 91ֱ�� Metropolitan’s position as Modern University of the Year in the Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2026.  

The University of Manchester and 91ֱ�� Metropolitan’s joint School of Architecture is ranked the 5^th best in the world in the QS World Subject Rankings, and initiatives such as the Greater 91ֱ�� University Mental Health Service bring both institutions together with regional partners to support our students.  

The joint alumni discount will be available from September 2026 to anyone who has previously graduated from The University of Manchester or 91ֱ�� Metropolitan University  

Further information about the discount and how to apply will be available here in early 2026, including information on eligibility, participating courses, and how the alumni discount is applied. 

/study/masters/fees-and-funding/masters-student-funding/manchester-alumni-loyalty-discount/

Published in Brain, Behaviour and Immunity, the study adds to the emerging idea of the “gut-brain axis” – in which scientists suggest allows communication between the two organs in both health and disease.

The study casts more light on the biology of stroke, a life-threatening medical emergency that disrupts blood flow to parts of the brain often causing long-term effects to mobility and cognition.

Stroke patients are also at risk of secondary bacterial infections and often exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms including difficulty swallowing and constipation.

Increasing evidence suggests these gastrointestinal complications are associated with changes in the commensal microbiota – the community of “good bacteria” that normally keep our guts healthy.

The changes are seen both in stroke patients and in animal models of stroke, yet the underlying reasons for these gut symptoms and their importance for stroke severity or recovery have been poorly understood.

Previous studies from scientists who co-authored the current study have shown how signals from the nervous system may act to change gut immune responses following stroke.

The latest study, funded by the Wellcome Trust,  shows the axis may also work in both directions, with antibody-producing immune cells moving to the brain and the associated membranes during stroke – although the importance of this for stroke severity and prognosis is not yet known.

Using mice, the team studied the changes that happened in the small intestine after a stroke,  revealing populations of immune cells that make antibodies became altered in the first few days.

In particular they found that a specialised subset of cells that make an antibody called Immunoglobulin A (IgA) became hyper-activated. IgA acts to manage the populations of commensal bacteria that live in the intestine and determine gut health.

The researchers then found that mice lacking IgA do not exhibit the same degree of changes to the gut microbiome following stroke – suggesting altered immune function could in part explain some changes seen in the intestinal tract of stroke patients.

Lead investigator Professor Matt Hepworth from  the Lydia Becker Institute of Immunity and Inflammation at The University of Manchester said: “Stroke is a devastating neurological event but also has many long-term consequences that can leave the patient at risk of airway infection, as well as gastrointestinal complications.

“Working with neuroscientists, we were able to begin to uncover how the immune system in the gut becomes disturbed following a stroke, and how that might lead to changes in the way the gut deals with its “good bacteria”.

“We now think these immune changes might contribute to the intestinal symptoms and long-term complications seen in stroke patients.”

He added: “While the focus remains on stroke prevention, as well as early intervention to minimise the damage in patients who do suffer stroke we reveal new understanding of the secondary pathologies experienced throughout the body and that contribute to long-term complications for recovering patients.

“As immune-targeting therapeutics are increasingly used in the clinic, this opens up the possibility of treating immune driven disease symptoms following a stroke to improve patients’ quality of life.”

• The paper Cerebral ischaemic stroke results in altered mucosal antibody responses and host-commensal microbiota interactions  available . DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106184.

The report, commissioned by Marketing 91ֱ��, Visit England, and the Growth Company, is the first detailed analysis of direct tourism emissions for a city-region in England. The findings reveal that international flights and domestic car travel are the biggest sources of emissions, alongside smaller impacts such as accommodation, and attractions.

Led by Dr Chris Jones and , the research also makes recommendations for how the region can grow a low carbon visitor economy in the region, supporting Greater 91ֱ��’s ambition to become carbon neutral by 2038.

The framework will act as a guide for other destinations to conduct similar assessments and address common data limitations in the tourism sector.

a Research Associate based at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change, said: “Tourism connects people with places and cultures, while supporting local economies and jobs. However, this value can’t come at the expense of our environment. In the climate crisis it is vital that the sector becomes sustainable in every sense of the word. Measuring tourism emissions is challenging, but it is important for identifying where change is most needed.

“By commissioning this research Marketing 91ֱ�� has taken an important and proactive step to decarbonise tourism. We hope that this work will not only support Greater 91ֱ�� to take action and reimagine what truly sustainable tourism looks like, but also inspire other destinations to do the same.”

Key findings of the report include:

• International travel dominates emissions: Although relatively low visitor numbers, long-haul flights from Asia, Oceania, and North America make a disproportionately large contribution to carbon impacts.
• Domestic car travel a major contributor: Trips by petrol and diesel vehicles account for the majority of domestic travel emissions, even on well-connected rail routes.
• Trip profiles matter: Analysis suggests the carbon footprint or a trip to Greater 91ֱ�� can range from under 10kg CO₂e for regional day-trippers to over 500kg CO₂e for long-haul visitors. Mostly because of transport options.
• Low-carbon infrastructure already in place: Most major attractions benefit from excellent public transport accessibility, increasing the opportunity for car-free tourism.

Recommended actions include:

• Promoting rail and ferry access from nearby European countries.
• Targeting tourism growth in markets accessible by low-carbon transport.
• Supporting accommodation providers and attractions to meet local energy efficiency targets.
• Encouraging car-free tourism through public transport integration and sustainable travel itineraries.

The research establishes benchmark targets aligned with Greater 91ֱ��'s commitment to reach carbon neutrality by 2038 and its aim to be in in the Global Destination Sustainability Index top 40, including phasing out petrol and diesel car visits and ensuring no net growth in aviation emissions until truly low-carbon alternatives become available at scale. It also supports Marketing 91ֱ��'s participation in the Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism.

Victoria Braddock, Managing Director of Marketing 91ֱ��, said: “Tourism is a significant contributor to Greater 91ֱ��’s economy, but we cannot overlook its environmental impact. As a destination, Greater 91ֱ�� is passionate about driving forward low-carbon tourism, and this report, in collaboration with the Tyndall Centre, is helping us set a standard for other English cities to follow through . Having clear objectives will help us to make a positive impact and support our partners to become greener in the process; all of which will contribute to our region’s ambition to become carbon neutral by 2038 and keep our status as a leading sustainable UK destination.”

Girls vaccinated before the age of 16 were found to be 80% less likely to develop cervical cancer. The reviews also confirm that HPV vaccines are only likely to cause minor, transient side effects such as a sore arm. The reviews were supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR).

Professor Emma Crosbie, Honorary Consultant in Gynaecological Oncology at Saint Mary’s Hospital, part of Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, was involved in the new Cochrane reviews.

Prof Crosbie, who is also Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Co-Theme Lead at the NIHR 91ֱ�� Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) and Professor of Gynaecological Oncology at The University of Manchester, specialises in the screening, prevention and early diagnosis of gynaecological cancers.

She said: “Cervical cancer is an essentially preventable disease; we can prevent it through screening and vaccination. The Cochrane review looked at all the available evidence from all the studies that have been done so far looking at the effectiveness of HPV vaccination and its long-term safety.”

HPV is a family of common viruses, including the viruses that cause skin warts. Whilst many types of HPV are harmless, other ‘high-risk’ types can cause cancers of the cervix, anus, penis, vulva, vagina, and throat, and others cause anogenital warts.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and causes more than 300,000 deaths each year, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. The new reviews confirm that vaccination against HPV can prevent most of these cancers from developing.

Prof Crosbie said: “Unfortunately, year on year, we have seen a drop in the number of people taking up vaccination. HPV vaccination is incredibly safe. The work we have done with Cochrane show there are no negative long-term health impacts associated with vaccination. Many millions of people have now been vaccinated with the HPV vaccine, and we have not seen any safety issues.”

Watch this video to hear Professor Crosbie discuss the importance of the HPV vaccine, alongside senior author, Dr Jo Morrison and Cancer Clinical Nurse Specialist, Laura Pope who was diagnosed with cervical cancer.

Clinical trial evidence supports effectiveness and safety

The first review focused on randomised controlled trials and included 60 studies with 157,414 participants. They found that all HPV vaccines were effective in preventing infections that can lead to cancer and other HPV-related conditions, with no evidence of serious safety concerns.

Because cancers caused by HPV can take many years to develop, most studies did not follow participants long enough to measure direct effects on cancer itself. However, vaccines such as Cervarix, Gardasil, and Gardasil-9 reduced precancerous changes in the cervix and other tissues in people aged 15 to 25 years, as well as the number of people needing treatment for HPV-related disease. The vaccines that included protection against the relevant HPV types significantly reduced the risk of anogenital warts.

Short-term side effects like mild pain or swelling at the injection site were common, but serious side effects were rare and occurred at similar rates in both vaccine and control groups.

“Clinical trials cannot yet give us the whole picture on cervical cancer, as HPV-related cancers can take many years to develop,” says Hanna Bergman, co-lead author. “That being said, the evidence from these trials confirms that HPV vaccines are highly effective at preventing the infections that lead to cancer, without any sign of serious safety concerns.”

Real-world evidence confirms long-term protection

The second review analysed evidence from 225 studies involving more than 132 million people across multiple countries. It looked at observational study designs, including population-level studies comparing outcomes before and after introduction of the vaccine. Findings show that HPV vaccination clearly reduces the risk of developing cervical cancer and pre-cancerous changes of the cervix. The results came from studies of various designs across different follow-up periods.

Girls vaccinated at or before the age of 16 were 80% less likely to develop cervical cancer than unvaccinated girls. The review also found substantial reductions in pre-cancerous changes (known as CIN2+ and CIN3+), and in anogenital warts, which are also caused by HPV infection. Reductions were greater in people who received the HPV vaccine at or before the age of 16.

Importantly, the review found no evidence to support claims that HPV vaccination increases the risk of serious adverse events. By cross-referencing alleged adverse events with real-world follow-up data, the review team found no relationship between reported serious side effects and HPV vaccination.

“We now have clear and consistent evidence from around the world that HPV vaccination prevents cervical cancer,” says Nicholas Henschke, co-lead author. “An important finding was that the commonly reported side effects of the vaccine, often discussed on social media, were found to hold no evidence of a real link to vaccination.”

Global impact and next steps

Together, the two Cochrane reviews provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evidence on HPV vaccination to date, drawing from both large-scale real-world studies and rigorous clinical trials. Evidence shows that HPV vaccination is a safe and highly effective public health measure, capable of preventing cancers that affect hundreds of thousands of people every year.

The findings underscore global recommendations to vaccinate both girls and boys, ideally before the age of 16, to achieve the greatest protection against HPV-related cancers. Protection is strongest when vaccination occurs before sexual debut and exposure to the virus.

However, the authors also note some evidence gaps. Most research has been conducted in high-income countries, meaning more studies are needed in low- and middle-income settings, where cervical cancer is more common and screening programs are lacking; it is in these countries that HPV vaccination will have an even more positive impact. However, to achieve the World Health Organisation’s ambition to eradicate cervical cancer, high rates of HPV vaccination, cervical screening and treatment of pre-cancers detected by screening remain crucial.

• Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for the prevention of cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases: a network meta-analysis is available
• Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination is available

In February this year, Oliver (Ollie) Chu, was treated for Hunter syndrome in a clinical study being delivered at Royal 91ֱ�� Children’s Hospital (RMCH) in collaboration with the 91ֱ�� Centre for Genomic Medicine at Saint Mary’s Hospital – both part of Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT) The trial is managed and sponsored by the University of Manchester.

Children with Hunter syndrome, a rare, inherited condition also known as mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), have an error in a gene, meaning they cannot produce an important enzyme that breaks down complex sugar molecules. Over time these sugars build up in organs and tissues, leading to joint stiffness, hearing loss, breathing and heart problems, developmental delays and cognitive decline, resembling childhood dementia. Hunter syndrome can be life-threatening, with life expectancy typically between 10 and 20 years. Currently the only licensed drug that can help to improve life for children with Hunter syndrome is Elaprase – a weekly enzyme replacement therapy that takes approximately three hours, that children must take for their whole life. Approximately 50 patients in the UK receive Elaprase, which costs around £375,000 a year per patient. The drug can reduce mobility and organ problems but cannot improve mental decline.

Now, several months on from the procedure, Ollie has fully recovered from the transplant, and his parents and the 91ֱ�� researchers are excited by his progress.

The clinical study at RMCH is investigating a one-off gene therapy which involves removing the child’s stem cells, replacing the faulty gene and re-injecting the modified cells into the patient. These stem cells can produce high levels of the missing enzyme and also reach the brain.

Professor Rob Wynn, Consultant Paediatric Haematologist and Director of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Programme at RMCH and joint clinical lead, said: ““For many years we have performed bone marrow transplant for children with Hunter Syndrome and similar illnesses. However, these are difficult procedures that can only deliver as much enzyme as the donor’s blood naturally has.

“Gene therapy is not only safer and more effective, but it enables us to use the child’s own cells which cuts out the need to find a donor, and means we can produce more enzyme for the patient.

“The principles of using gene therapy of blood cells to treat patients with this disease can be applied to many other conditions which offers exciting prospects for patients and healthcare professionals. Our medicine is becoming safer, and better, and that can only be a good thing!”

Professor Simon Jones Consultant in Paediatric Inherited Metabolic Disease at the 91ֱ�� Centre for Genomic Medicine at Saint Mary’s Hospital,  joint study lead, said: “Since having the gene therapy Ollie is no longer having weekly Elaprase infusions, but instead of seeing levels of the previously missing enzyme dropping we are seeing very high levels in his blood, and this is an extremely encouraging sign that the treatment is working.

Professor Jones, who is also a Medical Director of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) 91ֱ�� Clinical Research Facility (CRF) at RMCH, added: “I have worked in researching treatments for children with rare genetic diseases for over twenty years and I have sadly seen many children lose their lives to these devastating conditions. This is a truly exciting development which could lead the way for treating similar genetic conditions and bring hope to other families.”

Ollie Chu is the first of five young children with Hunter syndrome to participate in this study. The research is jointly funded by the University of Manchester and by LifeArc, a self-funded, not-for-profit medical research organisation, and developed by researchers at MFT and The University of Manchester, working in partnership with the University of Edinburgh and Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), where patients’ cells are taken to be modified with the missing gene in their specialist laboratories.

Ollie’s story

Ollie was diagnosed with Hunter Syndrome after five-year-old brother, Skyler, was found to have the condition.

Ollie, who lives in California with mum Jingru, dad Ricky, and Skyler travelled to the UK to be part of the research, after tests showed he was still in the early stages of the condition.

Ricky said: “Although it was a big commitment to travel to the UK, of course we want the best for our children, so when this opportunity came up in 91ֱ��, we discussed it as a family. Due to Skyler’s age, he was not eligible to take part in the 91ֱ�� trial and is taking part in a different study in the United States. That has meant splitting up the family, but it was something we were willing to do for Ollie to have the opportunity to be in this trial.

“There are very few times where your child can have a reset on life so if you can give them that chance, then it’s just something you do.

“Ollie is doing great since having the gene therapy. We have seen dramatic improvements, and he continues to grow physically and cognitively. Our hope for Ollie because of this treatment is that he will continue to make his own enzymes and live a normal life without infusions.

“We’re excited for Ollie’s future. Seeing the difference for Ollie pre-and post-transplant has made us believers.

“We will be forever grateful to the entire research team for allowing us to be part of this research. I’ve been a huge advocate of this trial. The medical team is very transparent and provides all the information that they can.

"We think it’s wonderful that there is research being done on rare conditions. Our priority is our children but knowing that this could result in helping other children around the world is very meaningful for us. We hope that one day, a treatment becomes available for all children at all stages of Hunter syndrome.”

Brian Bigger, Honorary Professor at The University of Manchester, academic lead said: “This therapy was developed over the course of 10 years at the University 91ֱ�� and seeing this now tested in patients by the clinical team at MFT has been incredibly rewarding.”

“We developed an improved method of stem cell gene therapy which adds a short tag to the missing enzyme, allowing it to cross the blood-brain-barrier and improve the amount of enzyme delivered to the brain. This helps break down complex sugars that build up in the brain and aims to prevent the devastating dementia-like decline seen in children with severe Hunter disease. Parents have told us that this symptom is the most important factor to improve quality of life for their family.”

• Philanthropic support from individual donors and not-for-profit medical research organisations such as , has been essential in driving this progress forward. Philanthropy helps to bridge critical funding gaps and translate breakthrough science into life-changing therapies. To learn more about the University's fundraising for research, visit: Challenge Accepted.